Electric utilities are always searching for ways to minimize costs, improve availability, and reduce emissions. Recent changes in the price of natural gas have made that fuel economically attractive, and it has the added benefit of reduced air emissions. For utilities with existing coal-fired units, conversion from coal firing to natural gas firing might be an option worth considering.

Why Consider Fuel Switching?

The first step in the process is to identify the forces that drive the decision to convert from coal to gas. The key forces are regulatory (both in terms of emissions and as an offset for a new unit), fuel costs, the age of the plant, and the need for plant output.

Regulatory forces are currently in a state of flux, and there are a wide range of proposed rules and legislative efforts that could have a far-reaching impact on coal-fired operation. Carbon dioxide controls seem to be coming in the near future that will require some additional operating restrictions placed on power plant owners. There also may be other regulatory issues to evaluate, such as New Source Review and offsets for other emissions regulated by state and federal laws. Gas fired power plant boiler has been developed with a higher operation efficiency.

The price of natural gas has recently become more attractive as a baseload fuel due to additional supply and reduced demand from general industry. There are many different projections of where gas prices might be in the near future, all of which are based on the forces of supply and demand. The current price of natural gas is relatively low and stable compared to previous years. The gas fired boiler has a good trend with the world industry background.

recommended gas fired power plant boiler:  35 ton gas fired power plant boiler for oil refinery plants in Bangladesh
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Municipal solid waste (MSW) power plant boiler in Brazil is one of three major waste-to-energy technologies (the others are anaerobic digestion and biomass). MSW can be directly combusted in waste-to-energy facilities as a fuel with minimal processing, known as mass burn; it can undergo moderate to extensive processing before being directly combusted as refuse-derived fuel; or it can be gasified using pyrolysis or thermal gasification techniques. Solid waste fired boiler in one of biomass fired boiler for the world power plant industry.

Each of these technologies presents the opportunity for both electricity production as well as an alternative to landfilling or composting the MSW. In contrast with many other energy technologies that require fuel to be purchased, MSW facilities are paid by the fuel suppliers to take the fuel (known as a "tipping fee"). The tipping fee is comparable to the fee charged to dispose of garbage at a landfill. Another MSW-to-electricity technology, landfill gas recovery, permits electricity production from existing landfills via the natural degradation of MSW by anaerobic fermentation (digestion) into landfill gas. Anaerobic digestion can also be used on municipal sewage sludge; it is discussed separately.

Product Features
Specially designed furnace to ensure complete combustion and automated soot removal system
Hydraulic ram feeder provided considering fuel size variation
Specially designed pusher grate to handle wide variation in fuel type, moisture and particle size; special grate and air plenum sections provided to ensure better distribution/control
Positive movement of fuel over the grate minimises clinkering and blockages
Ram feeding system ensures uniform distribution of fuel onto the grate
No rotating parts, hence enhanced life and robust construction

related biomass fired boiler project in Brazil:   biomass coffee husk boiler in Brazil

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High-efficiency boilers can be twice the cost of regular boilers, while high-efficiency furnaces cost only 30 to 40 percent more than lower-efficiency systems. There are fewer manufacturers of high-efficiency boiler equipment. Let's look at some of the advantages and disadvantages of high-efficiency hot water heating.

Advantages
High-efficiency equipment needs no traditional chimneys. The combustion products are vented out through the house wall, typically through a plastic or metal vent.

High-efficiency boilers are typically direct vent systems. Not only do the exhaust gases go straight through the wall, but combustion air is piped in from outside, and the combustion chamber is sealed from the house air.

The operating costs of high-efficiency boilers are considerably lower than conventional boilers. Seasonal efficiencies in the range of 85% to 95% are possible. The seasonal efficiency of conventional boilers may be 55% to 65%.

Disadvantages
A disadvantage of high-efficiency boilers is the high installation cost.

Another disadvantage is the corrosion issue that comes up anytime we deal with condensation. In a high-efficiency boiler, just like a high-efficiency furnace, corrosion may occur because it produces an acidic condensate.

Maintenance costs for high-efficiency boilers are typically much higher than with conventional equipment. Just like high-efficiency furnaces, they are complex and full of high-tech components. So far, the reliability of high-efficiency boilers has not been great. The exhaust gas path through the heat exchanger is longer and more restricted than with conventional heat exchangers. We expect problems with clogged heat exchangers.
 

With the world technology development, ZG boiler also have designed new high efficient boiler system with less disadvantage for a better boiler performance in industry.

Related high efficient industrial boiler: industrial hot water boiler

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This article will discuss how a new breed of condensing boiler is challenging conventional practices and supporting new approaches to improve the cost and energy efficiency. Now, horizontal condensing boiler manufacturer, ZG will analysis condensing boiler advantages for you as below:
 

Increased efficiency
Today's high-efficiency condensing boilers are engineered to condense. Their heat ex-changers are made of high-quality materials and designed to drain freely, which allows them to withstand years of condensing operation with no significant corrosion. Some equipment even can withstand thermal shock caused by rapid temperature changes. Consequently, condensing boiler equipment can be incorporated into a main loop directly. Without piping, pumps, mixing valves, and other components historically used to protect boilers from cool return water, condensing boilers simplify hydronic loops and reduce project and maintenance costs.

Improved comfort and control
The highest-efficiency boilers combine accurate temperature control with high burner turn-down to precisely and cost-effectively match plant output to heating demand. These boilers may use a PID controller to maintain supply-water temperature to within ±2°F. After load and temperature requirements are determined, these PID controllers modulate high-turn-down burners in 1-percent increments. This allows boilers to change input/output to match load exactly. There is no temperature overshoot, and these boilers can operate over their entire range in a matter of seconds. Such high turn-down, coupled with latent energy recaptured during condensing, can generate as much as a 30-to-40-percent increase in efficiency, compared with conventional hydronic systems. The high efficient boiler is developed by horizontal boiler manufacturer, ZG boiler, on the base of 70 years' experience on boiler designing.
Such part-load efficiency can be leveraged even further with a boiler-management system. In some cases, both a boiler management system individual unit controllers provide access to comprehensive operating information to support advanced energy-management programs, allowing system designers to leverage indoor/outdoor-reset schedules, remote set points, and even full integration into building-automation software to maximize fuel savings.

Saving space
Setting aside adequate building and mechanical-room space to support conventional boilers has been a long-standing challenge of building design. While the emergence of modular equipment has helped, there still are significant material and construction expenses associated with the atmospheric intake ducting, natural-draft exhaust venting, and fixed-flow pumping requirements of conventionally designed boilers.

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Boiler engineers can select between two main types of fluidized-bed boilers—bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) and circulating fluidized bed (CFB). In BFB boilers the rate from the combustion air is low enough which the fluidized particles be in the fewer furnace; inside a CFB unit the velocity is greater and hot particles are circulated about the same array of the boiler combustion zone. The fuel is exposure to the particles and effective mixing and combustion allows good efficiency and low emissions. Typically 97% to 99% of most burnable carbon within the fuel stream is combusted, even hard-to-burn materials. Boiler thermal efficiencies can be as high as 87% or higher. Although both BFB and CFB systems work with biofuels, CFB is especially suited to large boiler load ranges.

ZG boiler engineer said, "Bed combustion temperature control is fundamental to fluid-bed boilers, Bed temperatures are controlled to limit emissions in order to limit bed material agglomeration." CFB boiler is developed of one kind of horizontal boiler for a wider application in the world.

Agglomeration is usually attributable to alkaline ash, other metals, and phosphates combining with alumina and silica in order to create low-melting-point eutectics that coat the bed particles. If alkali concentrations are too high the coatings melt and bond the particles together; these larger agglomerated particles become fat and affect the fluidization process.

CFB technology supplier provides fuel flexibility as it might burn wood and high Btu fuels. ZG report that CFBs are typical in Europe for sustainable energy projects that burn lower moisture fuels, like clean urban waste wood.

"Making the decision between a BFB or CFB product is not always obvious and should be evaluated over a case-by-case basis," advises by exports from ZG CFB boiler company. "Parasitic power requirements play a vital role in the evaluation process and ultimately system reliability is critical for just about any given project. That evaluation starts off with a comprehensive understanding of fuels, fuel variability, and ash characteristics while being further influenced by emissions requirements."

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